VSAT
Very small aperture terminal systems'
Very small aperture terminals or VSAT systems have been widely dealt with in the literature. Keeping within the scope of the book, here we will only summarize features of VSAT vis a vis MSS. VSAT systems are suited for high volume users operating from fixed sites. As such users usually operate on dedicated channels, high channel usage offers savings. However, if satellite usage is low and uncertain, a demand assigned (DA ' ) mobile satellite service is the preferred choice. At present, VSAT terminals are bulkier and not as well suited for transportation as MSS terminals. Installing VSAT is somewhat complex, requiring several hours of specialists' time, while MSS terminals can be installed in a few
minutes with minimal training. VSAT systems are generally more sensitive to antenna depointing because their beam width is narrower compared to MSS terminals, which operate with wider beamwidth antennas, and VSATs are not suitable for communication during transportation. Obtaining an operating licence is not straightforward in all countries. This applies both to transmission
and reception sites. Trans border communication is not permitted in large parts of the world. Furthermore, a VSAT may not be erected anywhere at will, due to the possibility of local interference because VSATs operate in the FSS band. Trans border communication is a significantly lower problem for MSS.
VSATs are generally used by closed user groups without connection to the public networks for regulatory reasons, whereas MSS systems are connected to the public networks of the world. However, certain types of users prefer to use a closed environment for various reasons. Interworking of equipment is no problem for an MSS, as manufacturers follow the same transmission standard recommended by the MSS operator. VSATs do not as yet have a single standard and therefore interoperability of equipment is not always possible, because each VSAT operator optimizes their system for their specific use, It is anticipated that next generation VSATs operating in the K, band will be significantly smaller in size, suitable for individuals, and offering megabits of throughput far higher than envisaged for next generation MSS. An interesting synergy appears to be on the horizon as MSS operators position themselves to accept the reality of MSS terminal sized VSAT units.
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