Satellite System Architecture:
The system offers communication services to mobile users operating within a predefined service area. Users communicate with other mobiles or with fixed users through one of the visible satellites. Users in the fixed network are accessed through large fixed stations called gateways which carry large amounts of traffic, e.g.100-200 Erlangs, whereas mobiles are small portable units capable of supporting 1-5 channels. Mobile terminals may be mounted on vehicles such as ships, aircraft, trucks or carried by individuals.
Depending on the service area and application, the space segment may consist of one or more satellites. Telemetry and control ground stations, used for monitoring and controlling satellites, constitute a part of the space segment. To simplify the mobile terminals, complexity is shifted to the space segment and hence satellites tend to be large and complex a 3 4 kW geostationary satellite with 5 10 footprints (or spot beams) is quite typical of second generation systems and 5 kW with 100 200 spot beams is typical of third generation systems. A geostationary satellite remains almost fixed with respect to the Earth and comprises of one or more static footprints. Therefore, fixed stations can operate with a single antenna with minimal tracking while network topology is simple.
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